– select a media text type to produce

– write a focus sentence such as: “We are going to create a poster that we will display near the entrances of public buildings in the neighbourhood, inviting others to help us carry out our class project to clean up the local park.” This sentence helps to guide the group throughout the task

– activate prior knowledge of the chosen topic, language, type of media text(s) and past experiences

– research the topic using resources from various media

– clarify, reshape or confirm the meaning a media text holds

– create a script or storyboard (the storyboard includes elements such as determining the purpose, context and target audience; arranging the sequence of events; deciding on the content; taking the length of the production into account; using and determining roles and responsibilities within the group)

– validate the media text by doing a practice-run with a sample audience

– make adjustments according to feedback (in the production process, the term ‘editing’ refers to any adjustments made.)