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The Writing Process:
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Inspiration |
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Story
starters |
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Choosing the format |
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Deconstruct |
Writing
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Put
ideas, feelings. opinions, ... to
the page |
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Leave
space to adjust. |
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Refer
to your plan |
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Discuss your work |
Revise
meaning and development
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Clarify |
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Reflect on choices |
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Organize |
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Use
Strategies |
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Consult |
Edit language
using resources, verify:
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spelling |
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capitalization |
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punctuation |
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sentence structure |
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language usage |
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Consult |
Publish
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Choose a medium |
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Make a polished copy |
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Share |
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Let's Write: Strategies
Strategies are effective uses of resources and actions in appropriate
situations in order to accomplish a task.
Strategies are a part of all
our activities :
We use strategies to plan, to write, to revise, to edit, etc.
The challenge is - using the right strategies for you and your
task.
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Suggestions |
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Checklist:
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Taking notes is a good planning strategy
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Referring to your notes keeps you on track |
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Researching with appropriate resources and references keeps
you informed and gives you material to write about |
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Taking note of the resources or references you use helps you
give appropriate credits |
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Reviewing by re-reading, reading aloud, asking a classmate
to review and point out problems can help. |
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Using checklists and lists of frequent errors or spell
checkers and grammar checkers avoids common problems. |
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Coming back to your work after a time away improves your
ability to review and improve. |
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Reviewing the sentences and paragraphs for the sequence of
events and clarifying the flow and relationship of ideas |
More things to check out:
Strategy Cards
Writing
Strategies &
Ethics (bibliography, etc.)
From
WritingFix
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How
to be a Reviser...
by Raeann,
elementary teacher
Don't hold on too tight to the rough
draft
Be open to new ideas
Read from every angle
Move things around
Play with your writing
Try it here
Try it there
Have fun with it!
Read your writing out loud
Fear not!
Walk away
Return and review
Remember....revision is not for the
faint of heart
Embrace the possibilities
Write again
.....and again
..........and again.
A writer never has to produce a FINAL
draft
....like life it can always be changed |
How To Be a
Reviser
by Nancy, middle
school teacher
Write a rough draft you believe in.
Re-read your rough draft with a smile.
Take a walk.
Read a book.
Eat a meal.
Hang out with a friend.
Re-read your rough draft with a smile.
Take out your green pen.
Find what is good; bring it to life.
Change words with your mind; be kind to
your heart.
Change phrases with your heart; double
check it with your brain.
Finish with comfort in a phrase
Or a challenge in a statement.
Let it go.
Publish it.
Now it has a life of its own. |
How to be a
Reviser
by Jennifer,
middle school teacher
Take off your rose colored glasses and
look at your paper with new eyes.
Ready to change and rearrange.
Like a new year:
Out with the old, in with the new.
Delete redundant ideas-
Delete redundant ideas.
Add some sparkle
Rephrase confusing wording.
(Delete redundant ideas)
Repeat words/phrases for emphasis.
Look to others and examples for
guidance.
Try something new
Don’t be afraid to change.
It isn’t black hair dye that won’t come
out.
And even if it doesn’t,
you can bleach it a few times
to make it different and unexpected.
Take out your toolbox
and find the tool that is best suited
for the job.
Not the one easiest to reach. |
How to Use
ABC's of Revision
by Karel,
substitute teacher
Alliterate Nicely
Bludgeon Overused words
Create Prepositional
phrases
Demand Questioning
Exaggerate Regularly
Form Series, after series,
after series
Go for Transitions
Hyperbole Usefully
Invent Variety
Juggle Words
Keep it eXtreme
Love Your mentor text
Make it Zany
How to
Revise
by Ryan,
elementary teacher
Take a breath
and dive right in.
Flow and rhythm
will vary like your sentences
Revise your characters to
Sing with their thoughts and actions.
Expand on your ideas
Extend them as a series of three.
Explode.
Stand up for your draft,
Make the choice,
and when your done with your revision,
just realize you're never finished. |
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Links: Links:
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Strategies
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Writing Fun
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SD =
Identifying Similarities and Differences
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CL =
Cooperative Learning
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SNT =
Summarizing and Note-Taking
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ER =
Reinforcing Effort and Providing Recognition
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HP =
Homework and Practice
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NR =
Nonlinguistic Representation
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OF =
Setting Objectives and Providing Feedback
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HYP =
Generating and Testing Hypotheses
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QCO =
Questions, Cues, and Advance Organizers
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This
wiki lists
Web 2.0 tools and identifies instructional strategies in which they
can be used:
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Good writing skills are
essential for effective communication. Learning to write well takes time
and practice. Be sure to leave yourself enough time for all of these
steps. http://www.infoplease.com/homework/writingskills1.html
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Strategies for
Writing a Conclusion
adapted from
LEO: Literacy
Education Online
When you look over your
papers to make sure that you've presented your ideas in ways that
are clear to your readers, you send a message that you think your
ideas are good enough to deserve a careful presentation.
Writers make changes to
their papers at different levels. Knowing about these levels can
help you divide up the job of getting a paper ready to hand in.
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Read your paper
aloud, or have someone read it aloud to you. We often "hear"
more of our errors than we see.
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Leave as much
time as you can between finishing writing a paper and
editing and proofreading it. This lets you "re-see" the
paper with rested eyes and a more distanced perspective.
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Read the paper
backward -- from the end to the beginning -- one sentence
(for editing) or one word (for proofreading) at a time. This
helps you concentrate on sentences and words rather than on
the paper's meaning as a whole.
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Use two pieces of
blank white paper to cover all but one sentence at a time.
This helps reduce visual noise and keeps you from being
distracted by other sentences.
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Deliberately set
aside time for proofreading, just as you set aside time for
research and writing.
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Build editing and
proofreading into your writing process at the best place for
you. Many writers like to leave it for last so that they can
concentrate on their ideas first.
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Good writers
don't necessarily know all the grammar and punctuation
"rules," but they do know where to look them up. Find and
use resources.
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dictionaries
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thesauruses
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software
writing programs |
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handbooks
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handouts from
your teacher or
the
Write Place |
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other writers |
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Keep resources
handy when you write so that you aren't tempted to guess
about how to correct your errors.
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Ask other writers
to listen to you read your paper, to read your paper as you
listen, and to help you figure out and apply grammar rules.
Good writers don't go it alone.
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Know and keep a
list of errors you make often so that you know what to look
for in your papers.
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Read your paper a
few times for one of those errors at a time rather than
reading your paper once only and trying to catch all of your
errors in one pass. |
Revising "On Screen" vs. Revising "On
Paper"
Avoid doing a lot of revising on screen.
When you write on a computer, what you see--your "window on the
text"--is quite small even if you have a large monitor (17-20").
When you're working with hard copy, your "window" is larger, at
minimum 8 1/2 x 11" and possibly larger if you lay out pages next to
one another. Because the "window" is smaller when you're writing on
a computer, re-envisioning a whole piece of writing or large chunks
of writing tends to be difficult and unproductive on screen. In
fact, numerous research studies show that text revised on screen
tends to be digressive, unfocused, chattier, and less concise.
To compensate for the small computer monitor "window," always print
out a double-spaced copy of your draft for major revisions and
reorganization. Also print hard copy for editing: letters on a
screen are fluid and hard to see with accuracy, and editing from
print copy will enable you to catch more easily omitted words, comma
and grammar errors, and other sentence-level mistakes.
Using Spell Checkers
Spell checkers can be wonderful resources if used consistently
and carefully. Make spell checking a habitual part of your process;
for example, spell check right before you print every time to ensure
that each document you send out has been scanned for spelling and
repeated words. Also, make sure that spell checking does that job
you want it to by:
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Checking a print dictionary for the correct spelling of a
word before you add that word to your custom dictionary.
Adding a misspelling to the dictionary your software uses
for spell checking clearly doesn't help you avoid
misspellings.
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Making sure that your spell check program is set up for
American English rather than British or Australian English.
The spelling of many English words varies among
English-speaking countries.
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Looking carefully at each word the spell checker isolates.
The speed of editing with a spell checker has a way of
mesmerizing eyes so that writers don't always "see" each
letter of words the spell checker locates. For instance,
it's easy to overlook errors in the spelling of proper
nouns.
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Using the Search & Replace Feature
Any word processing program you might use will have a search and
replace function that enables you to scan your text for specific
words, phrases, or punctuation marks. Once you have a complete
draft, use this search and replace function to look in a systematic
way for misused words or phrases, punctuation errors, and wordiness
patterns. Saving this search and replace process for the editing
phase will allow you to concentrate when drafting on your goals,
your readers, the line of your argument--in other words, to focus on
communicating your meaning effectively.
You can use the search and replace feature to catch several types
of errors:
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To scan for commonly misused words or phrases
You can use the search and replace function to check for
words and expressions that you often confuse. For example,
if you know that you tend to use effect (a noun meaning
result) when you should use affect (a verb meaning to
influence), you might want to regularly search for the two
words and check to see if you've used each instance
correctly. (See the Write Place handout entitled "Commonly
Misused Words and Expressions" for a fairly extensive list
of these "trouble makers.")
You might also check for words that you tend to replace
for other words when you're typing quickly or focusing very
hard on the process of getting your ideas down on paper.
Let's say that one of your favorite typos is writing the for
then or to for too. Since spell checking clearly won't catch
such typos, when you're done drafting, you might simply
search for the thes/thens or tos/toos and check to make sure
that each occurrence of the word is correct.
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To scan for your favorite punctuation errors
You can also use the search and replace function to check
for your typical punctuation errors--either scanning for
particular punctuation marks or for language that goes with
those marks. For instance, let's assume that you tend to use
a semicolon when you should use a colon before a list. You
might search for each semicolon in your text and check to
see if the semicolon is followed by a list. If you find a
spot where the semicolon is used prior to a list, you can in
that instance replace the semicolon with a colon.
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You can also use the search feature to help you find
particular words associated with incorrect punctuation
patterns in your writing. If you tend to write run-on
sentences--that is, you often omit the comma before a
coordinating word that connects two sentences--you probably
omit the comma only when certain words act as connectors.
Let's assume that you only omit the comma when and or or
connects two complete thoughts. Using the search feature to
find the ands and ors in your text, you can then ask
yourself if the coordinator connects two nouns, two verbs,
two phrases, or two sentences. If and or or connects two
sentences, you can replace and with , and or can simply
insert the comma before the connecting word to correct the
punctuation error.
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To scan for your wordiness patterns
Most writers tend to fall into particular wordiness
patterns. One writer might frequently start sentences with
It is and There are, while another writer might use a lot of
which and that clauses. Once you're aware of your typical
wordiness patterns, you can use the search and replace
feature to find specific types of wordy constructions. In
each instance, then, where the pattern occurs, you can
decide how you'll edit the sentence.
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To help you locate incorrectly spelled proper names or
acronyms
If you should need to change the spelling of a proper
name or an acronym throughout an entire draft, use the
search and replace function. Change the name or acronym
"globally"--that is change every instance at once rather
than finding and changing each instance one by one.
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To help you find technical terms and specific data
Once you're done writing your draft, you can use the
search function to help you address the needs of secondary
readers. You can use search to locate particular technical
terms that may need to be defined or data that may need
further explanation--in the text itself, in attachments or
appendices, or in a glossary of terms. |
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Editing strategies:

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Editing Checklist
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Writing
Fix
Teaching
revising
Revising Drafts
©2013-2014
SPEAQ
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