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The Writing Process:

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Inspiration |
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Story
starters |
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Choosing the format |
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Deconstruct |
Writing
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Put
ideas, feelings. opinions, ... to
the page |
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Leave
space to adjust. |
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Refer
to your plan |
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Discuss your work |
Revise
meaning and development
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Clarify |
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Reflect on choices |
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Organize |
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Use
Strategies |
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Consult |
Edit language
using resources, verify:
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spelling |
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capitalization |
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punctuation |
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sentence structure |
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language usage |
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Consult |
Publish
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Choose a medium |
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Make a polished copy |
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Share |
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Edit: Usage:
"the
way in which words and phrases are actually used (as in a particular form or
sense)"
Suggestions
Checklist:
from Editing Checklist
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Indent Paragraph(s)
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Complete Sentences (each has a subject and
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predicate)
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Verify capitalization
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Do all sentences begin with a capital letter?
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Do all proper nouns begin with capital letters?
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Verify punctuation
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Are periods and commas used correctly?
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Are quotations punctuated correctly?
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Verify verb Usage
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Do all main verbs agree with the subject in person and
number? |
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Are any parts of verb phrases missing or incorrect?
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Are verb endings correct?
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Is the verb tense correct?
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Are helping verbs used when needed?
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Verify noun Usage
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Do regular plurals end in “s”? Are irregular plurals
correct? |
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Are articles (“a,” “an,” and “the”) used correctly?
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Does every pronoun have a clear referent?
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Correct Spelling (Be careful of words that sound the
same but have different meanings.)
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Verify descriptive words
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Are words used that give a picture of what is taking place?
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Are transitional words used?
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Verify word variety
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Do sentences begin with different words?
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Did the writer use a variety of words in each sentence? |
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1. To search for problems with
subject/verb
agreement
from the previous site-http://leo.stcloudstate.edu/acadwrite/editing.htm
Subject/verb agreement errors frequently happen when a phrase
intervenes between the subject and verb, as in the following
examples.
If you looked specifically for the subject and verb, the error
would probably be obvious and the correction easy.
So, to find and fix subject/verb agreement errors, you need to
systematically look for subjects and verbs:
More information on
subject/verb agreement is available.
2. To search for problems with
pronoun agreement
or reference
Searching for errors in pronoun reference or agreement requires
that you look for pronouns and the nouns they point to:
 | Skim the paper and find each pronoun.
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 | Once you find the pronoun, skim backwards until you find the
noun it's replacing.
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 | Make sure that each pronoun agrees in number with its
corresponding noun. Once again, the simplest way to check
agreement is to count.
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 | If you can't find the noun to which the pronoun refers, you
should either insert a noun to serve as a referent or change the
pronoun to a noun. Caution: Be careful when there is an article
("a," "an," "the" ) in front of a noun. The article makes the
noun singular. ("Parents have a tough job. A parent should
recognize how tough his or her job is." )
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 | Be particularly careful in checking for agreement with the
singular pronouns "each," "everybody," and "everyone."
 | Although people frequently say "Everyone . . . their" to
avoid gender bias, writing requires that such singular
pronouns be matched with singular pronouns: "everyone . . .
his/her," "each . . . he or she."
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 | If you feel uncomfortable using either of these
constructions, either make all pronouns plural (All doctors
have their reports.) or omit the second pronoun altogether
(Each doctor has a report.). Information on
solving the pronoun puzzle and avoiding gender bias is
available. |
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Here are
80 tone and attitude words to spruce up your essays.
Tone and Attitude Words
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afraid |
ecstatic |
persuasive |
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aggravated |
encouraging |
pleading |
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agitated |
enthusiastic |
pleasant |
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angry |
excited |
proud |
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apathetic |
facetious |
questioning |
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apologetic |
friendly |
romantic |
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appreciative |
happy |
sad |
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arrogant |
harsh |
sarcastic |
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artificial |
hating |
scornful |
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authoritative |
haughty |
seductive |
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brash |
hollow |
serious |
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calm |
humble |
sharp |
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cheerful |
humorous |
snooty |
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cheery |
hurt |
soothing |
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coarse |
inquisitive |
superficial |
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condescending |
instructive |
surprised |
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confused |
ironic |
sweet |
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consoling |
joyful |
sympathetic |
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content |
lighthearted |
tired |
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contradictory |
loud |
uninterested |
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cynical |
loving |
upset |
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dejected |
manipulative |
vibrant |
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depressed |
melancholic |
whimsical |
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desperate |
miserable |
wistful |
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disappointed |
nervous |
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disgusted |
numb |
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disinterested |
paranoid |
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dreamy |
passive |
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1.
To join two independent clauses, use a comma followed
by a conjunction, a semicolon alone, or a semicolon followed by a
sentence modifier.
2.
Use commas to bracket nonrestrictive phrases, which
are not essential to the sentence's meaning.
3.
Do not use commas to bracket phrases that are
essential to a sentence's meaning.
4.
When beginning a sentence with an introductory phrase
or an introductory (dependent) clause, include a comma.
5.
To indicate possession, end a singular noun with an
apostrophe followed by an "s". Otherwise, the noun's form seems
plural.
6.
Use proper punctuation to integrate a quotation into
a sentence. If the introductory material is an independent clause,
add the quotation after a colon. If the introductory material ends
in "thinks," "saying," or some other verb indicating expression, use
a comma.
7.
Make the subject and verb agree with each other, not
with a word that comes between them.
8.
Be sure that a pronoun, a participial phrase, or an
appositive refers clearly to the proper subject.
9.
Use parallel construction to make a strong point and
create a smooth flow.
10.
Use the active voice unless you specifically need to
use the passive.
11.
Omit unnecessary words.
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ESL Video Grammar Tutorials: SOPHIA |
Links:
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BBC Grammar Challenge
- Usage Rules
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Confused words
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Common Errors
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Parts
of speech
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5 Most Common Grammatical Errors
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Grammar
Rules & usage
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Free Rice
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English Writing Checker
- Grammar Checker
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English Club Grammar for English learners
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4 Sentence
Types for writing
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Good Grammar, Good Style
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Style Guides (for citation format)
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APA
- MLA (old),
(2009)
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Chicago Manual of Style
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Quotations /dialoques
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Using Paraphrases
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Editing tips
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Guide to writing
and Grammar
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Daily Grammar
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Grammar rules
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Parts of speech rules and exercies
- ++ Collected
Pointers
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Effective Writing Rules and quiz
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Commonly confused words
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Common Errors in English Usage
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Proofreading
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Use English Punctuation Correctly
A quick and useful crash course in English punctuation.
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HyperGrammar
An extensive electronic grammar course at the University of
Ottawa’s Writing Centre.
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Grammar
Girl
Mignon Fogarty’s quick and dirty tips for better writing.
Grammar Girl provides short, friendly tips to improve your
writing. Covering the grammar rules and word choice
guidelines that can confound even the best writers, Grammar
Girl makes complex grammar questions simple with memory
tricks to help you recall and apply those troublesome
grammar rules.

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Better Writing Skills
This site contains 26 short articles with writing tips about
ampersands, punctuation, character spacing, apostrophes,
semicolons and commas, difference between i.e. and e.g. etc.
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The Guide to Grammar and Writing
An older, yet very useful site that will help you to improve
your writing on word & sentence level, paragraph level and
also essay & research paper level.

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Writer’s Block
A compact resource with over 20 articles that cover
abbreviations, capitalization, numbers, punctuation, word
usage and writing styles.
- Paradigm Online Writing
Assistant
This site contains some useful articles that explain common
grammar mistakes, basic punctuation, basic sentence concepts
etc. Worth visiting and reading.
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Jack Lynch’s Guide to Grammar and Style
These notes are a miscellany of grammatical rules and
explanations, comments on style, and suggestions on usage
put by Jack Lynch, an Associate Professor in the English
department of the Newark campus of Rutgers University, for
his classes.
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English Style Guide
This guide is based on the style book which is given to all
journalists at The Economist. The site contains various
hints on how to use metaphors, punctuation, figures, hyphens
etc. Brief and precise.

- Technical Writing
An extensive guidance on grammar and style for technical
writing.
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40+ Tips to Improve your Grammar and Punctuation
“Purdue University maintains an
online writing lab
and I spent some time digging through it. Originally the
goal was to grab some good tips that would help me out at
work and on this site, but there is simply too much not to
share.”

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©2013-2014
SPEAQ
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